Publications & Technical Reports | |
R149 | ||
AND/OR Multi-Valued Decision Diagrams (AOMDDs) for Graphical Models
Robert Mateescu, Rina Dechter and Radu Marinescu |
Abstract
Inspired by the recently introduced framework of AND/OR search spaces for graphical models,
we propose to augment Multi-Valued Decision Diagrams (MDD) with AND nodes, in order
to capture function decomposition structure and to extend these compiled data structures to general
weighted graphical models (e.g., probabilistic models). We present the AND/OR Multi-Valued
Decision Diagram (AOMDD) which compiles a graphical model into a canonical form that supports
polynomial (e.g., solution counting, belief updating) or constant time (e.g. equivalence of
graphical models) queries. We provide two algorithms for compiling the AOMDD of a graphical
model. The first is search-based, and works by applying reduction rules to the trace of the memory
intensive AND/OR search algorithm. The second is inference-based and uses a Bucket Elimination
schedule to combine the AOMDDs of the input functions via the the APPLY operator. For both
algorithms, the compilation time and the size of the AOMDD are, in the worst case, exponential in
the treewidth of the graphical model, rather than pathwidth as is known for ordered binary decision
diagrams (OBDDs). We introduce the concept of semantic treewidth, which helps explain why
the size of a decision diagram is often much smaller than the worst case bound. We provide an
experimental evaluation that demonstrates the potential of AOMDDs.
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